R - Offensive Programming in action (part III)
This is the third post on offensive programming, dedicated to using offensive programming (OP).
You may refer to easy introduction to offensive programming to acquire some basic knowledge about offensive programming, and to discover offensive programming to get access to online materials.
Let’s see how OP helps in defining function with semantic naming for parameter names, and in providing expected function return type. This will make use of many tools provided by package wyz.code.offensiveProgramming.
Focus on a given type suffix
Let’s consider you want to know more about type suffix ’s’. Here is a typical session you could use.
library('wyz.code.offensiveProgramming')
# get the default type factory
tf <- retrieveFactory()
# is 's' a recorded type suffix?
tf$checkSuffix('s')
## [1] TRUE
# what means 's' type suffix
tf$getType('s')
## [1] "string"
# get verification function for type suffix 's'
tf$getVerificationFunction('s')
## function (o_1_)
## {
## if (!is.character(o_1_))
## return(FALSE)
## if (length(o_1_) == 0)
## return(TRUE)
## all(is.na(o_1_) == FALSE)
## }
## <bytecode: 0x55a7a37500a0>
## <environment: 0x55a7a3732340>
# get type factory information for 'pi'
tf$getRecordedTypes()[suffix == 's']
## suffix type verify_function category
## 1: s string <function> basic
A real use case
Raw approach
Let’s consider following function that helps organizing seats for your friend around the table (under no constraint indeed).
organizeTable <- function(guestNames_s) {
guestNames_s[order(runif(length(guestNames_s)))]
}
guests <- c('Marie', 'Yves-Marie', 'Fabien', 'Marcello', 'Tina')
organizeTable(guests)
## [1] "Marcello" "Marie" "Tina" "Yves-Marie" "Fabien"
organizeTable(character(0))
## character(0)
Are those calls legal?
From a R perspective, obvuously yes. From OP perspective, answer is more subtle and depends on evaluation modes you choose.
Evaluation modes
Currently, 3 evaluation modes are supported. They are incremental modes.
- standard_R_evaluation mode,
- enhanced_R_evaluation mode, adds function return type evaluation to previous mode,
- type_checking_enforcement mode, adds function parameter type verification to previous mode.
# Available evaluation modes
defineEvaluationModes()
## [1] "standard_R_evaluation" "enhanced_R_evaluation"
## [3] "type_checking_enforcement"
Standard R evaluation mode
em <- EvaluationMode('standard_R_evaluation')
efrt <- 'x_s' # expected function returned type
runTransientFunction(organizeTable, list(guests), em, efrt)
## $status
## [1] TRUE
##
## $value
## [1] "Tina" "Yves-Marie" "Marcello" "Fabien" "Marie"
##
## $mode
## [1] "standard_R_evaluation"
Using, standard_R_evaluation mode brings status, value and mode results. It does not provide any extraneous information than a call in your R console. This mode is provided to ease comparisons. Not to be used solely, indeed.
Enhanced evaluation mode
This mode checks function returned value against expected function return type.
em <- EvaluationMode('enhanced_R_evaluation')
runTransientFunction(organizeTable, list(guests), em, efrt)
## $status
## [1] TRUE
##
## $value
## [1] "Tina" "Marcello" "Marie" "Fabien" "Yves-Marie"
##
## $mode
## [1] "enhanced_R_evaluation"
##
## $function_return_type_check
## parameter_name parameter_value validity
## 1: x_s Tina,Marcello,Marie,Fabien,Yves-Marie TRUE
## message
## 1: good type in values
Using, enhanced_R_evaluation mode brings function_return_type results, as a data.table. The validity column provides information about type concordance between resulting value and expected type.
Enhanced evaluation mode
This mode checks parameter values against parameter semantic name specifications.
em <- EvaluationMode('type_checking_enforcement')
runTransientFunction(organizeTable, list(guests), em, efrt)
## $status
## [1] TRUE
##
## $value
## [1] "Yves-Marie" "Tina" "Marcello" "Fabien" "Marie"
##
## $mode
## [1] "type_checking_enforcement"
##
## $parameter_type_checks
## parameter_name parameter_value validity
## 1: guestNames_s Marie,Yves-Marie,Fabien,Marcello,Tina TRUE
## message
## 1: good type in values
##
## $function_return_type_check
## parameter_name parameter_value validity
## 1: x_s Yves-Marie,Tina,Marcello,Fabien,Marie TRUE
## message
## 1: good type in values
Using, type_checking_enforcement mode brings parameter_type_checks results, as a data.table. Here also, the validity column provides information about type concordance between provided parameter value and parameter semantic name specification. Detail level is one line for each function parameter, to ease discovery of and remediance to uncompliances.
So, legal or not ?
Let’s check them
em <- EvaluationMode('type_checking_enforcement')
runTransientFunction(organizeTable, list(guests), em, efrt)
## $status
## [1] TRUE
##
## $value
## [1] "Tina" "Fabien" "Yves-Marie" "Marcello" "Marie"
##
## $mode
## [1] "type_checking_enforcement"
##
## $parameter_type_checks
## parameter_name parameter_value validity
## 1: guestNames_s Marie,Yves-Marie,Fabien,Marcello,Tina TRUE
## message
## 1: good type in values
##
## $function_return_type_check
## parameter_name parameter_value validity
## 1: x_s Tina,Fabien,Yves-Marie,Marcello,Marie TRUE
## message
## 1: good type in values
runTransientFunction(organizeTable, list(character(0)), em, efrt)
## $status
## [1] TRUE
##
## $value
## character(0)
##
## $mode
## [1] "type_checking_enforcement"
##
## $parameter_type_checks
## parameter_name parameter_value validity message
## 1: guestNames_s TRUE good type in values
##
## $function_return_type_check
## parameter_name parameter_value validity message
## 1: x_s TRUE good type in values
From R point of view, both calls are legal. From offensive programming, only calls returning a status TRUE are valid.
Accepting or not the second case is indeed a matter of input scope specification. Does organizing a table for no person have any sense?
If your answer is yes, then keep this function definition. If no, how could you improve previous implementation?
Refined approach
We will change the parameter name and specify length constraint on it. Note that function body is semantically exactly the same as for previous function. No change in implementation algorithm. Just parameter renaming propagation changes are applied.
organizeTableBis <- function(guestNames_s_1m) {
guestNames_s_1m[order(runif(length(guestNames_s_1m)))]
}
organizeTableBis(guests)
## [1] "Fabien" "Tina" "Marie" "Yves-Marie" "Marcello"
organizeTableBis(character(0))
## character(0)
runTransientFunction(organizeTableBis, list(guests), em, efrt)
## $status
## [1] TRUE
##
## $value
## [1] "Tina" "Fabien" "Marcello" "Yves-Marie" "Marie"
##
## $mode
## [1] "type_checking_enforcement"
##
## $parameter_type_checks
## parameter_name parameter_value validity
## 1: guestNames_s_1m Marie,Yves-Marie,Fabien,Marcello,Tina TRUE
## message
## 1: good type in values
##
## $function_return_type_check
## parameter_name parameter_value validity
## 1: x_s Tina,Fabien,Marcello,Yves-Marie,Marie TRUE
## message
## 1: good type in values
runTransientFunction(organizeTableBis, list(character(0)), em, efrt)
## $status
## [1] FALSE
##
## $value
## character(0)
##
## $mode
## [1] "type_checking_enforcement"
##
## $parameter_type_checks
## parameter_name parameter_value validity
## 1: guestNames_s_1m FALSE
## message
## 1: wrong length, was expecting [1m] , got [0]
##
## $function_return_type_check
## parameter_name parameter_value validity message
## 1: x_s TRUE good type in values
Now the second case is flagged as invalid from OP point of view. One of the reasons is given explicitly by the parameter_type_check data.table.
To conclude …
You have
- been introduced to semantic naming for function parameter names,
- been sensitized to semantic naming length specification impact,
- been shown how and when to use predefined evaluation modes,
- been initiated to use common OP tools, runTransientFunction, EvaluationMode, and function parameter type factory operations,
- been trained to interpret evaluation results
Great, we are more than half the way. Next post will be about registering your own types, and managing your classes and their related functional tests. Stay tuned.